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Qur'ān is the book of Allāh that was announced by revelations to Muhammad (p.b.u.h), Prophet, in 23 years of his prophet hood. It starts with the opening chapter al-Fatiḥa and ended with the chapter of al-Nas. Since the revelations were made it has been transmitted from one generation to another by way of both in written and orally.
The announcer in the Qur'ān is invariably Allāh. Again, the import that is included in word as well as the composition of the words is belonging to Allāh.
God’s final revelations, the Holy Qur'ān was sent down in verses (ayas). Preservation of the verses that were sent down in a healthy manner, and consequently the concern for not a single verse to be missed from the Holy Qur'ān encircled Prophet Mohammad, before anyone else, who was charged directly with such revelation. Such concern of the Holy Prophet came into existence along with the initial verses.
This solicitousness drives the Holy Prophet to memorize the verses immediately by murmuring while they were read by the angel. The awareness of the sole discretion for the process following the revelations of the verses stimulates a feeling of great responsibility.
In a short time, His God relieved him on this particular matter in one of the initial verses by stating that;
لا تحرك به لسانك لتعجل به إن علينا جمعه وقرءانه
“Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'ān) to make haste therewith. To gather it and make it read certainly belongs us”[1]
Thus, the exalted Allāh announced firsthand that he has undertaken gathering of the Holy Qur'ān and transmitting it to mankind as Holy Qur'ān.[2]
The exalted Allāh provided protection for Qur'ān that He never had made it before for the books of local religions just because it is the source of the right way of a universal religion that will last until doomsday.
إنا نحن نزلنا الذكر وإنا له لحافظون.
“Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'ān) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)”[3]
Then, we might say that Qur'ān, in every respect, is under the protection of Allāh. It will be transmitted to the next generations just as had been done to our generation by Him.
The reality that Holy Qur'ān will be kept away from any kind of shame and defect is declared by the creator (like this) as follows:
لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه تنزيل من حكيم حميد.
“Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise”[4]
The foregoing explanations indicate that, regardless from the course of the historical process, the Holy Qur'ān is always under the supervision of the Mighty God, and must be revered as such.
Another particular subject which should not also be disregarded is the fact that Holy Qur'ān introduced itself as a book. Such introduction is an important presumption on that Holy Qur'ān shall not remain as a scattered material in pages, and turn to become a book by causing all of its pages to be brought together.
The Mighty God’s emphasis of a “book” with respect to Holy Qur'ān, which is referred at most the verses should be assessed properly. In order to comprehend this subject matter, one should consider how the concept of the book takes place in the culture of mankind. Every author has full understanding such that, everybody may have beneficial accumulation of information with respect to his/her experiences and the knowledge. However, arrangement of such knowledge in an order to put them into writing is not that easy thus, many intellectuals are not copyright owners.
The presumption that the fact of “order and arrangement” which human beings give importance in their publications might be disregarded in the Holy Book of Deity God would be irrelevant. From this perspective, there is nothing precluding the Mighty God’s emphasis of a “book” for the Holy Qur'ān, considered as an indicator of His order and arrangement.
As a matter of fact, the first verse of the ''Hud'' surah enunciates that:
الر كتاب أحكمت آياته ثم فصلت من لدن حكيم خبير.
“Alif-Lam-Ra (This is) a Book, the Verses whereof are perfected (in every sphere of knowledge, etc.), and then explained in detail from One (Allāh), Who is All-Wise and Well-Acquainted (with all things).”[5]
It is possible to negotiate these approaches depicting the structure of the Holy Qur'ān as destined by supporting with more verses and hadiths. However, this is not the purpose of this current study.
The study named as “Binary Symmetric Book u” comprises a series of mathematical analysis investigating whether the Holy Qur'ān has a specific numerical order in terms of both the order of surahs and the number of verses. The purpose is to depict the structure of this current Holy Qur'ān, namely, to determine the event. It should not be forgotten that, this research is an examination which was performed from the end, therefore, the results which it sets forth, in a way contain data having feedback nature.
It is possible to respond the question of why this study predicated on a mathematical approach, as follows: The reason for it the structure of the Holy Qur'ān itself. Holy Qur'ān is based on a numerical system, as a book. As long as you open a page, you encounter with numbers. Therefore, numerical platform is not our choice, but rather the manifestation of whom sent down the “Book”. Please note to the following statement:
The Holy Qur'ān comprises of 114 surahs.
This is a rather short statement which is convenient to express the structure of the Holy Qur'ān. As it is seen, even this definition is a mathematical expression, forwhy it includes a “number”.
As a result, the impossibility to analyze the structure of the Holy Qur'ān as completely independent of the numbers is obvious. Therefore, it is as legitimate to analyze the structure of the Holy Qur'ān in terms of numerical bases, as analyzing in terms of other point of views. Even, such a study should be considered within the scope of the Holy Qur'ān studies (tadabbor al-Qur'ān) and furthermore it should also be encouraged since it has been ignored until now.
When the Holy Qur'ān is analyzed, it is perceived that the Mighty God gives importance to mathematics, and even it is perceived that Mighty God blesses himself in this matter in many places.
The exalted Allāh regards himself as superior on mathematics stating in a chapter that:
وكفى بنا حاسبين
“And Sufficient are We as a Reckoner”[6]
In another chapter He states that his calculation is infallible:
إن الله كان على كل شيء حسيبا
“Certainly, Allāh is Ever a Careful Reckoner of all things”[7]
By another chapter he let us know that He is “the fastest” in calculations:
وهو أسرع الحاسبين
“He is the Swiftest among the Reckoners!”[8]
There is no wonder that He, who is very sure of Himself on calculation, organized a book that is called by His name in a way that it attracts attention of the people who have knowledge about mathematics.
Mathematics is not the favorite of many people. Since they do not familiar with numbers, every figure can be identical. Such persons do not even mind the difference between odd and even numbers. Whereas, Allāh swore on these two number types in the Holy Qur'ān:
والشفع والوتر
“And by the even and the odd”[9]
It should be known by all that Allāh only swears on “very important” things.[10]
The exalted Allāh who transmitted Qur'ān to us makes references, in many chapters, to Himself as ‘el-Al�m’ meaning that ‘The All-Knower’ or ‘the Omniscient’. Thus, it may well be understood that, everything that man have already learned to date and will have been learned in future Allāh has already possessed.
Mathematics is the common language of mankind. Allāh taught it to mankind in order to appreciate his own Essence. He honored the people who had knowledge about mathematics as ‘the group who knows’
هو الذي جعل الشمس ضياء والقمر نورا وقدره منازل لتعلموا عدد السنين والحساب ما خلق الله ذلك إلا بالحق يفصل الآيات لقوم يعلمون.
“It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light and measured out for it stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. Allāh did not create this but in truth. He explains the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) in detail, for a people who have knowledge”[11]
We are observing the transcendental knowledge of Allāh on mathematics in every point of the universe. The human race makes use of mathematics as it studies substance. The wondering admiration of mankind that it feels for its Creator has been increased as it has figured out the art that has been engraved in everything created by Allāh. Why don’t we make a similar kind of investigation which we have made on his creatures also on his Book which was sent by the same Essence? This study herein has been prepared by setting out from this starting point.
At this point, it would be beneficial to remind that not every approach including numbers can be regarded as mathematical analysis. Forwhy, the major deficiency in most of the studies until today, is lacking in scientific objectivity. With the motive that such a survey is a matter of belief, they deemed such subjective method of approaches as favorable. In the short run, although such studies excite the believers, they have corrosive effects in the long run. Even the worse, they have left a completely adverse ground for the researches who wish to make scientific surveys on this subject.
We, as the one who has personal experience in this subject, give great emphasis for not making any contribution to the current negative scene. For this reason, any determination which is based on purports, or which does not cover the entirety, fragmentary, and therefore which can be considered as subjective, is given importance for not to be included., Any endeavors to obtain a predetermined figure by means of focal determinations as can be perceived in many studies were never attempted. Forwhy, such studies, although approved by some sectors, may not be deemed as consistent with respect to their subjectivity.
Determinations set forth in this study, composed of consequences which respects the integrity of the Holy Qur'ān, and do not ascribe to any subjective references, and which may be achieved as is when handled by any researchers regardless of his/her being a believer or not. In our point of view, the objectivity and accuracy of the results are important rather than they are being liked or disliked. If we return to the foregoing example, the tables provided in the study are as accurate as the indisputable statement of, “The Holy Qur'ān comprises of 114 surahs”.
This study brings the numerical structure of the Holy Qur'ān which can not be possibly explained by random generation into public’s attention. Its purpose is to state the existence of this extremely sensible regular structure. Apart from this is beyond the scope of this book. The tables set forth in the book reflect concrete realities. Consequently, whether arrangement of Holy Qur'ān is to be based on revelation or not, would make any influence in the existence of this numerical order, but only causes a differentiation in its interpretation. Whereas the ones who consider this arrangement is based on revelation ascribe such exceptional order of Holy Qur'ān to the Deity God directly, the others are in a position to attribute such exceptionality again to the God indirectly, forwhy it is a fact that such numerical order can not be human made is apparent in all its nakedness.
Binary Symmetric Book u, is the first volume of the series of 4 books covering the studies in this respect. The following section titles are contained in this current book:
• Odd and Even Numbers
• Surahs of which the number of ayats are greater than sequence number
• Surahs of which the number of ayats are smaller than sequence number
• Prime Numbers
• Sequence Numbers Set and Number of Ayats Set
• The numbers which are divided by two and not divided by three
• The numbers which are divided by three and not divided by two
• The numbers which are neither divisible by two nor by three
• The numbers which are divisible by two and three
• The numbers which are divisible by two
• The numbers which are divisible by three
• Sum of the Prime Factors
• Perfect Numbers
• Abundant Numbers
• Deficient Numbers
The consequences arise as a result of every survey is submitted to the attention of the audience as tables covering the entire Holly Qur'ān.
When the tables are observed, “binary symmetric” structure is immediately encountered. The concept which we give as the title of our study, is the consequence of the mathematical analysis on the Holy Qur'ān, whereas, it is also a definition used by Allāh, for the book He sent down:
الله نزل أحسن الحديث كتابا متشابها مثاني تقشعر منه جلود الذين يخشون ربهم ثم تلين جلودهم وقلوبهم إلى ذكر الله ذلك هدى الله يهدي به من يشاء ومن يضلل الله فما له من هاد.
“Allāh has sent down the best Statement as a binary symmetric book. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allāh. That is the guidance of Allāh. He Guides therewith whom He wills; and whomever Allāh sends astray, for him there is no guide.” [12]
This verse has a substantial purport for the ones who assess the tables as the consequence of the divine decree which are set forth in the “Binary Symmetric Book u”. Forwhy, the mathematical structure on which the entire arrangement of the Holy Qur'ān is based on was presented clearly again in the Holy Qur'ān 14 centuries ago.
When the interpretations of Holy Qur'ān are observed, it is perceived that for symmetric, the word “similar” and for “dual” the word “repeating” is used. This situation should not be regarded as strange, forwhy these are already named as interpretations by definition. Interpretations do not include one-to-one translation.
Binary Symmetric Book u consists of establishments at a level so that everyone whether is on good terms with the figures or not can get benefit. The analyses were performed by only using the four arithmetical operations. Any result that is an outcome of advance mathematics is not included in this book on purposely.
The Holy Qur'ān introduces itself as a book “which has not any rayb (suspicious thing, uncertain knowledge) inside.’’[13] This is a situation which is specific for Allāh’s book. It can not be thought the things that are told or written by us in other words by his servants to be faultless and perfect. Consequently we would like to thank you to the readers who will share our faults with us at this very moment.
I assume it as an obligatory duty to thank to the gentleman, my respected master Prof. Dr. M. Ali S�NMEZ who encouraged me by his suggestions and recommendations on the studies that I have made in this field as much as he did in my studies in the Hadith subject; to my valuable brother Haydar SOYSAL who is an electrical engineer and who has been always on my side and has substantial contributions in every stage of this book and to my family members who welcomed my studies with great patient and toleration.
Dr. Eng. Halis AYDEM�R
Bursa-2005
halisaydemir@gmail.com
[1] Al-Qiyāmah/16-17
[2] There is some information available concerning the arrangement of some surahs that they had been made by interpretation with regard to collection of the Holy Qur'ān. However, both the ayat hereinabove and the magnificent numeric structure which stands before us shows that the Holy Qur'ān is under the observance of the Allāh.
[3] Al-Ḥijr/9
[4] Fussilat/42
[5] Hud/1
[6] Al-Anbiyā/47
[7] Al-Nisā/86
[8] Al-An'am/62
[9] al-Facr/3
[10] As an example of these swears, Deity God himself (al-Nisa/63), Judgment Day (al-Q�yamah/1) and the locality of the planets (al-Waq�ah/75) can be counted.
[11] Yūnus/5
[12] Al-Zumar/23
[13] Al-Baqarah/2.
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